Yoga

Traditional yoga (Sanskrit: योग, , Sanskrit pronunciation: [joːɡɐ] , lit. "yoke" or "union") is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines practiced in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, aimed at controlling body and mind and attaining a soteriological goal as specified by a specific tradition. Yoga originated in ancient India, but two general theories exist on the origins of yoga. The linear model, mainly supported by Hindu scholars, holds that yoga originated in the Vedic period, documented in the Vedic textual corpus, and influenced Buddhism. The synthesis model, favoured in Western scholarship, sees yoga is a synthesis of non-Vedic and Vedic elements. The earliest yoga-practices may have developed in the Jain tradition at ca. 900 BCE. Yoga-like practices are mentioned in the Rigveda and a number of early Upanishads, but systematic yoga concepts emerge during the fifth and sixth centuries BCE in ancient India's ascetic and Śramaṇa movements, including Jainism and Buddhism. The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, the classical text on Hindu yoga, samkhya-based but influenced by Buddhism, dates to the early centuries of the Common Era. Hatha yoga texts began to emerge between the ninth and 11th centuries, originating in tantra. Yoga is practiced worldwide, but "yoga" in the Western world often entails a modern form of Hatha yoga and a posture-based physical fitness, stress-relief and relaxation technique, consisting largely of asanas; this differs from traditional yoga, which focuses on meditation and release from worldly attachments. It was introduced by gurus from India after the success of Swami Vivekananda's adaptation of yoga without asanas in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Vivekananda introduced the Yoga Sutras to the West, and they became prominent after the 20th-century success of hatha yoga.

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