Upadhmaniya
In Sanskrit phonology, visarga (IPA: [ʋisɐrɡɐ(hɐ)]) is the name of the voiceless glottal fricative, written in Devanagari as ⟨ः⟩ /h/. It was also called, equivalently, visarjanīya by earlier grammarians. The word visarga (Sanskrit: विसर्ग) literally means "sending forth, discharge". In Bengali script, visarga is written as ঃ and is called bisarga (বিসর্গ). It generally represents a post-vocalic voiceless glottal fricative-like release, though in modern Bengali it is mostly realized as a slight aspiration after the vowel. Bengali visarga can also occur medially, as in দুঃখ, দুঃস্বপ্ন, and often corresponds etymologically to Sanskrit visarga.
Visarga is an allophone of /r/ and /s/ in pausa (at the end of an utterance). Since /-s/ is a common inflectional suffix (of nominative singular, second person singular, etc.), visarga appears frequently in Sanskrit texts. In the traditional order of Sanskrit sounds, visarga and anusvāra appear between vowels and stop consonants.
The precise pronunciation of visarga in Vedic texts may vary between Śākhās. Some pronounce a slight echo of the preceding vowel after the aspiration: aḥ will be pronounced [ɐhᵄ], and iḥ will be pronounced [ihⁱ]. Visarga is not to be confused with colon.
Hasiya 2025
- 1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000Z
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